Latest Papers

ASME Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics

  • Ranking Static Balancing Methods Based on the Actuating Frictional Effort
    on April 17, 2025 at 12:00 am

    AbstractWhen a linkage is statically balanced, the effort required to actuate it quasi-statically in the absence of friction is zero. This is true irrespective of how the static balancing is accomplished. However, the effort is required to actuate the linkage when the Coulomb friction is present in the joints. This article shows that different static balancing methods lead to different magnitudes of the actuating frictional efforts. We further show that there exists a class of static balancing ways where between any two ways, one of the ways has a distinctively smaller magnitude of the actuating frictional effort for all values of the actuating kinematic variable. Hence, in such a case, the ways of static balancing can be ranked based on the magnitude of the actuating frictional effort. This has practical relevance when a statically balanced linkage has the Coulomb friction in its joints. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a smaller magnitude of the actuating frictional effort can be correlated to a smaller magnitude of the joint reaction forces. Thus, the magnitude of the actuating frictional effort can be used to assess the magnitude of the joint reaction forces irrespective of whether the friction in the joints is real or numerically simulated.

  • Instant Grasping Framework of Textured Objects Via Precise Point Matches and Normalized Target Poses
    on April 17, 2025 at 12:00 am

    AbstractTo reliably manipulate previously unknown objects in semi-structured environments, robots require rapid deployments and seamless transitions in pose estimation and grasping. This work proposes a novel two-stage robotic grasping method that instantly achieves accurate grasping without prior training. At the first stage, depth information and structured markers are utilized to construct compact templates for packaged targets, reducing noise and automating annotations. Then, we conduct coarse matching and design a new variant of the iterative closest point algorithm, named adaptive template-based RANSAC and iterative closest point (ATSAC-ICP), for precise point cloud registration. The method extracts locally well-registered pairs, regresses and optimizes six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) pose to satisfy confidence probability and precision threshold. The second stage normalizes the target pose for consistent grasp planning, which is based on scene and placement patterns. The proposed method is evaluated by several sets of experiments using various randomly selected textured objects. The results show that the pose errors are approximately ±2 mm, ±3 deg, and the successful grasping rate is over 90%. Physical experiments, conducted in different lighting conditions and with external disturbances, demonstrate effectiveness and applicability in grasping daily objects.

  • Improving Exoskeleton Brace Design: Alleviating Misalignment and Parasitic Forces
    on April 17, 2025 at 12:00 am

    AbstractThis article presents a design methodology for exoskeleton-user connection attachments, i.e., braces that aim to reduce parasitic forces and potentially improve user comfort. The proposed brace structure incorporates additional passive joints, identified through a hyperstaticity analysis to minimize undesired tangential forces, e.g., rubbing against the user’s skin. To assess the proposed structure, we primarily conducted simulation experiments using a human-exoskeleton coupled model in an MSC ADAMS environment. Subsequently, a series of real-life experiments was conducted using a self-balancing bipedal exoskeleton with two distinct dummy manikins. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed brace structure in reducing the parasitic forces and slippage compared to the conventional fixation approach.

Design and Bending Analysis of a Metamorphic Parallel Twisted-Scissor Mechanism

Abstract

The conventional scissor mechanism is used in modern engineering and robotic applications due to its metamorphic ability. The folding configuration provides space-saving and unfolding provides longer linear expansion capability. However, a conventional scissor suffers unexpected and uncontrolled large bending deformation due to low bending stiffness while unfolding configuration, which may damage its structure. It also has a sudden bending singularity during unfolding, which may also damage the actuator. These limitations impose a significant constraint on real-life applications such as foldable robot arms, space robot arms, and reconfigurable robots. In this paper, we proposed a multi-strands parallel twisted-scissor mechanism (PTSM) to enhance its usability. The PTSM is inspired by a rope structure and designed by introducing a metamorphic segment (MS) using the S-shaped linkage design approach to improve its bending stiffness without affecting conventional scissors’ fundamentals. The PTSM has a unique feature of several automatic-link locking mechanisms to avoid singularity without using additional sensors, mechanism, or control. We experimentally checked the proposed design’s functionality and its feasibility. We formulated a cantilever bending model for foldable PTSM with N metamorphic segments considering revolute joint clearance for bending estimation, experimentally verified, and analyzed the bending deformation in the X–Y and Y–Z planes. Also, it is compared with a conventional scissor. Finally, we found that PTSM is stronger than conventional scissor and can fold/unfold smoothly using a single linear actuator. PTSM can provide large linear displacement with small bending deformation without bending singularity.
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